[转载] 十二式翻译绝招 绝招, 转帖, 翻译

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作者：larryathena   来源：中国在线翻译网( C* x9 M. D3 g. D, U. _* E# {
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(一) 同义反译法
& j) u5 l3 \8 }8 z$ @例子：
- }/ S9 m! T: E: t& U9 o1. Only three customers remained in the bar.
- M' k$ e& P; Z) {/ Z# _2 P酒吧间只有三个顾客还没有走。(不译：「还留着」或「还呆在那里」)
. m" ^# N. N0 h; D2. I'll be here for good this time.
% j1 g8 t$ f6 Y! ~这一次我再也不走了。(不译：「永远在此呆下去」)
& J+ I1 a4 W& z) v" ]% K) E9 Z3. Please keep the fire burning when I'm out. # `: l+ q( p, r  ]. y6 b
我不在家的时候，请别让炉子灭了。(不译：「我外出时，请让炉子继续烧着」)
6 V2 `8 F$ V, @7 Q+ I7 F2 s. R4. "Wait, he is serious."
: T) L& l  T5 R2 _. J「等等，他不是说着玩儿的。」(不译：「等等，他是认真的。」) " w  \' s* w) b8 g; W
5. "Now, Clara, be firm with the boy!"
3 p& d# x- M- t「听我说，克拉拉，对这孩子可不能心软。」(不译：「......对这孩子要坚定」)
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(二) 删减解释词 * Q; e7 d2 Z; Q
例子：
, u5 I0 y; \; h' Y( UThe traveller in the south must often have remarked that peculiar air of 2 x, O' U; ^% ]- E# y& ?2 P
refinement, that softness of voice and manner, which seems in many cases to be a
! X( ~7 Q( ]1 @particular gift to the quotation and mulatto women.
4 k( l+ v6 s9 }7 B! L* W% ]2 m到南方去的人看见那些黑白混血的女郎，准定会注意到她们十之八九都赋有那种独特的优雅风度、那种柔和的声调和文静的举止。$ \) c* U% X* r8 _; f. k
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(三) 短句拆译 3 E/ G0 d7 F$ `7 j' p! K- U
例子：
. _) B9 ?; G, x/ @" c$ Z2 j; G" ...on one sunshiny morning in June , ..." 6 n4 D2 S* z# g- V
「在六月里的一天早上，天气晴朗，......」 ( p* V2 z, L5 e$ Y; O! F) B! f& b

/ {9 K. u# J5 O+ a(四) 译词推陈出新
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5 Y5 T9 [( v* x+ eWhen he might well have acted with boldness, he found himself filled with " P! o, K0 }, U% L  w5 i$ ?; y5 Z
doubts, scruples and equivocations, in addition to the ordinary fears of a , G, Q; m6 ]; L) R$ a6 H) q( }1 m
lower. ' `- K6 |7 p" ~& T; h
原译：当他可以大胆行动的时候，他发现自己除了一个情人所具有的那种普通的害怕之外，心里还充满怀疑、顾虑和踌躇。
+ X: J, ?6 j; a5 G4 }- g改译：等到他不妨放胆去追求的时候，他却迟疑不定，顾虑重重。至于一般堕入情网的人那种种常有的提心吊胆的心理，那就更是难免的了。
7 U3 r7 h- _. b原词 原译 改译 ) \, V4 v) _; x* v' n+ U# S

5 {- m* y; m" E; Nwhen 当......的时候 等到......的时候
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5 m. |6 E0 X! F; e+ ~6 kact with boldness 大胆行动 放胆去追求 2 S9 w7 N+ D, a

& a# a! [/ w- Y+ ?$ _  ^a lover 一个情人 一般堕入情网的人
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2 z. E: Z* O. z; V+ p- R8 E( wordinary fears 普通的害怕 种种常有的提心吊胆的心理 & J4 s/ d6 Y6 A5 {+ I

  j, X& |$ o. yin addition to 除了......之外 那就更是难免的了7 K% O  P; P" D( B( V% D  I8 b  Y

# v5 ^7 ?7 D8 \# s(五) 解释性添词
( ]+ r: p! ~3 v# E8 w# X" A例子：
: b& Z! |2 ]) G/ L4 v3 l"George, I'm ashamed of you! George, I couldn't have believed you would have
- ]+ V7 _, o' [- Z. Wdone it! I always knew you to be a rolling stone that gathered no moss; but I
) W. J$ \' h( `8 qnever thought you would have taken away what little moss there was for Bagnet
! g& }  o6 U2 ]' Y7 s; Q% K2 \and the children to lie upon," said Mrs. Bagnet.   u2 o3 @. S$ E$ u* r
「乔治，我真替你害臊﹗乔治，想不到你会干出这种事情来﹗俗话说得好：『滚着的碌碡不长苔，流浪的汉子不攒财。』我早晓得你就是这么一个流浪汉﹗可真没有想到你连贝格纳特和孩子们靠它过活的那一点点财也骗走，」贝格纳特太太说道。 2 m: r& F3 h' f, T+ J

0 h' g1 o8 {9 {1 w(六) 词无定译 2 H+ H& ?- V  R( r; O5 j# ?* K2 ?5 {, i
例子： 3 Z* L# r+ p. M9 K: G4 j8 u- q, T* h
It is quite useless to ask whether Vanderbilt was criminally prosecuted or ; b, l* n" z+ K6 m
civilly sued by the Government. Not only was he unmolested, but two years later, 2 {3 q% ^% s. `; N5 m
he carried on another huge swindle upon the Government under peculiary heinous ; \2 z3 d- o  N& ?: ^! Y1 ]9 A# z
conditions. # R6 `, e+ y9 s+ r9 f5 r
我们根本不必追问政府是否根据刑法或民法对范德比尔特提出起诉。范德比尔特不仅逍遥法外，而且在两年后又以极其凶狠的手段对政府进行弓一次巨大的诈骗。
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(七) 精炼译词 1 q- H  _* M5 K; e
例子：
1 q7 p4 @$ B! ^A new dignity crept into his walk.
1 x  Z. T0 j* t" t  p7 s原译：走路的姿态不知甚么时候开始给人一种庄重的印象。
! b0 P& B& P9 j改译：走起路来，不觉平添了几分尊严。 5 G0 T& @" Z& D1 r
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(八) 删削"When"字 9 b! h% K/ t! f: B4 }
例子：
/ i0 o9 ^4 E& r. L7 i1. When he saw me, he was startled.
6 D4 Y8 M8 d# G, Q; c他看见我，吓了一大跳，(不译：当他看见我的时候，......) $ N- a& A) \2 e. C; E% i
2. "When your gals takes on and cry, what's the use of cracking on them over the & V! o- v% J8 V
head, and knocking on them round?" 0 w& T3 n2 o5 ^, _. j  @! o
「你那些女黑奴哭得那么伤心，你还拿鞭子没头没脑的抽，把她们打得死去活来，那有甚么用呢？」(不译：当你那些女黑奴哭得那么伤心的时候，你还拿鞭子......)
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2 o* x* [6 W8 _(九) 感叹词的不同译法
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1. "O, don't mother! I should like the flowers; do give them to me; I want ( ^7 K) x- g. ~- @$ b* s* Y
them!"
5 g; \: \& }* Z  Z"Why, Eva, your room is full now."
, o, c0 X9 N0 `9 [/ X  a「嗐，妈妈，别这样﹗我喜欢这些花，把花给我吧，我要﹗」
: [9 M4 V5 e* f+ |「得了吧，伊娃，你屋里的花都满了。」 ! b4 j  X' p5 r) T& J- ~6 R5 v3 H+ X
2. "Well, that's odd!" said Marie. "What in the world do you want that for?" 7 P/ [/ c; s/ x' o7 T* @: F
「哟，真是怪事﹗」玛利说，「你干嘛非要这个不可？」
# l$ p6 q4 @; A6 }3. ("...Haley, if you had any conscience.") 6 Y* l8 I1 t0 ]* a
"Well, I've got just as much conscience as any man in business can afford to 8 j* {9 Z! h9 d6 V- {- z" B) e- X# I
keep - just a little, you know, to swaer by, as were," said the trader,
# S$ E2 V6 S  ^0 p( v( U3 ~1 Gjocularly; ...
0 B8 k6 ?% z7 a9 [1 Q+ J4 m"Well, then, Haley, how will you trade?" said Mr. Shelby, after an uneasy 3 ~9 K/ E! W6 E8 W. ?
interval of silence. / F& _# Y5 d9 I( t+ a
(「......哈利，你要是有良心的话。」) 3 R  N. k* \* v& ^+ Z3 Z
「得，干这行当儿的人能有多少良心，我也有多少良心--瞧，我的良心就这么一丁点儿，够拿出来起誓就得，」奴隶贩子开着玩笑说；...... " X5 y1 z) }; Q0 T2 r, ~5 e
「那好，哈利，这桩买卖你打算怎么个做法？」谢尔比先生在一阵令人发窘的沉默之后问道。 3 m: N1 T! e4 d5 k, K
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(十) 顺拆法
3 O# U% ^) r" U' o例子： * t/ k7 a7 Z& A" R9 I
His delegation agreed with the Executive Director/ that the fund should continue , i# I. K8 r, e, v) s
working/ for a better understanding of the interrelationship between economic,
/ I8 A+ [, `' x% ~social and demographic factors.
) u8 H" d6 e1 Y2 m4 [7 u: c/ C原译：他的代表团同意执行主任关于该基金会应继续为更好地了解经济、社会和人口的相互关系而努力的意见。
. [; f# o$ U# N! B1 D改译：他的代表团同意执行主任的意见，/认为该基金会应继续努力，/ 以求更好地了解经济、社会和人口这三方面的相互关系。 / S7 D- R6 P3 g- G

% f6 _" A; a1 N, S* C(十一) 倒拆法
9 D! W8 e1 C& h9 f5 D4 F例子：
- B8 A  \' m1 ^( y+ w# C3 bTo him there is something divine/ in the sympathetic indulgence she substitute / - v% B0 G( z7 k. h4 L
for the angry disgust/ with which one of his own country women resent his
; f! y& H# n( w- U8 Dsupposed conditon.
5 @4 `/ W3 O' B3 I, h/ j要是一个英国女人看到他真像他自己所假定的那么烂醉，/ 她就会对他又恼怒，又厌恶，/ 而挪拉对他却又同情又宽容，/ 他在这中间看出了一点神圣的质量。
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(十二) 抽词拆句法
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All the way along the line, from the border right up to Peking, as far as the 5 G7 t) d2 V* [$ D
eye could see, the countryside was literally covered up with a green carpet of
) X) l$ Z* V+ N8 X  ~1 `$ H# fgrowing crops, holding a promise of bumper harvests.
. s  ?+ G$ Z+ I  H从边境到北京，一路上沿铁路线极目纵观，但见农村到处是茁壮的庄稼，彷佛铺上一块绿地毯，这说明丰收在望了。